摘要
土壤污染修复技术是当前环境保护领域的重要议题。随着工业化和城市化的快速发展，土壤污染问题日益严重，对生态环境和人类健康造成了严重威胁。因此，研究和应用先进的土壤污染修复技术，对于改善土壤环境质量、保障人类健康具有重要意义。全球范围内已有数百种土壤污染修复技术得到应用，其中微生物修复、植物修复和物理化学修复等技术成为研究热点。这些技术不仅能够有效去除土壤中的污染物，还能改善土壤结构，提高土壤肥力。土壤污染修复技术仍面临诸多挑战。一方面，不同地区的土壤污染类型和程度存在差异，需要针对不同情况制定个性化的修复方案；另一方面，修复技术的成本较高，且修复周期较长，限制了其广泛应用。因此，未来土壤污染修复技术的发展需要注重技术创新和成本优化，提高修复效率和经济效益。
关键词： 土壤污染；修复技术；环境保护
Abstract
Soil pollution remediation technology is an important topic in the field of environmental protection at present. With the rapid development of industrialisation and urbanisation, the problem of soil pollution has become increasingly serious, posing a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health. Therefore, the research and application of advanced soil pollution remediation technologies are of great significance to improving the quality of the soil environment and protecting human health. Hundreds of soil pollution remediation technologies have been applied globally, among which microbial remediation, phytoremediation and physicochemical remediation have become the research hotspots. These technologies can not only effectively remove pollutants from soil, but also improve soil structure and soil fertility. Soil pollution remediation technology still faces many challenges. On the one hand, there are differences in the type and degree of soil pollution in different regions, which require individualised remediation plans for different situations. On the other hand, the cost of remediation technology is high and the remediation cycle is long, which limits its wide application. Therefore, the future development of soil pollution remediation technology needs to focus on technological innovation and cost optimisation to improve the remediation efficiency and economic benefits.
Key words： Soil pollution; Remediation technology; Environmental protection
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