Research on incineration treatment technology for hazardous waste
危险废弃物焚烧处理技术研究

摘要

危险废物焚烧处理是实现其无害化、减量化与资源化的关键手段，其中回转窑技术因其适应性强、处理效率高而成为主流工艺。目前，危险废物产量持续增长，其不当处置对生态环境与人体健康构成严重威胁，亟需高效安全的处置技术。本文系统阐述了回转窑焚烧系统的完整工艺流程，包括预处理配伍、多形态进料、分级燃烧、余热回收及多级烟气净化等核心环节，并重点分析了二噁英、重金属等二次污染物的生成机理与控制措施。研究表明，通过优化燃烧参数、强化末端治理与副产物安全处置，可有效实现污染控制与能源回收。结论指出，回转窑焚烧技术具有处理范围广、减容效果好、能源回收率高等综合优势，是当前危险废物安全处置的重要技术支撑，未来应进一步向智能化、低碳化与资源高值化方向发展。

Abstract

Incineration treatment of hazardous waste is a key means to achieve its harmlessness, reduction and resource utilization. Among them, rotary kiln technology has become the mainstream process due to its strong adaptability and high treatment efficiency. At present, the output of hazardous waste is continuously increasing, and its improper disposal poses a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health. There is an urgent need for efficient and safe disposal technologies. This paper systematically expounds the complete process flow of the rotary kiln incineration system, including core links such as pretreatment matching, multi-form feeding, staged combustion, waste heat recovery and multi-stage flue gas purification, and focuses on analyzing the generation mechanism and control measures of secondary pollutants such as dioxins and heavy metals. Research shows that by optimizing combustion parameters, strengthening end-of-pipe treatment and the safe disposal of by-products, pollution control and energy recovery can be effectively achieved. The conclusion indicates that rotary kiln incineration technology has comprehensive advantages such as a wide processing range, good volume reduction effect, and high energy recovery rate. It is an important technical support for the current safe disposal of hazardous waste. In the future, it should further develop towards intelligence, low carbonization, and high-value resource utilization.