摘要
针对江汉平原向丘陵岗地过渡区域农村黑臭水体“成因复杂、易返黑返臭”的治理难题，本文以荆门市105条典型水体为例，构建了“源头阻断-生态重构-长效管护”的系统治理框架。研究发现，单一技术手段难以应对过渡地带水动力不足与面源污染叠加的特征。实证选取其中某县30条典型水体开展治理前后对比与跟踪监测，表明“技术-模式-政策”三维协同机制能显著提升治理稳定性。其中，分级工程体系是基础，多元筹资模式可有效解决年运维资金缺口，而基于河湖长制等的绩效考核提供了制度约束。本研究结果尤其适用于水体类型以堰塘/沟渠为主、污染来源多元、具备县乡村三级责任体系的中西部农业型地区水环境治理，可为其提供便于复制的理论依据与实践范式。
关键词： 农村黑臭水体；长效管护；协同治理；生态修复；政策激励
Abstract
In view of the management problem of black and odorous water bodies in rural areas in the transition area from Jianghan Plain to hills and hills, which have “complex causes and are prone to return to black and odorous waters”, this article takes 105 typical water bodies in Jingmen City as an example to construct a systematic governance framework of “source blocking-ecological reconstruction-long-term management and protection”. The study found that it is difficult for a single technical means to cope with the superposition of insufficient hydropower and non-point source pollution in the transition zone. The empirical study selected 30 typical water bodies in a county for comparison and follow-up monitoring before and after treatment, showing that the three-dimensional collaborative mechanism of “technology-model-policy” can significantly improve the stability of governance. Among them, the hierarchical engineering system is the foundation, the diversified financing model can effectively solve the annual operation and maintenance funding gap, and the performance appraisal based on the river and lake chief system provides institutional constraints. The results of this study are particularly applicable to water environment management in agricultural areas in the central and western regions where the water body type is mainly weirs/gullies, the sources of pollution are diverse, and there is a three-level responsibility system of counties and villages. It can provide a theoretical basis and practical paradigm that can be easily replicated.
Key words： Rural black and odorous water bodies; Long-term management and protection; Collaborative governance; Ecological restoration; Policy incentives
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